Ulcerative colitis, classified as an inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), is a condition that affects the colon and rectum. While its exact cause remains elusive, recognizing its early symptoms is pivotal for timely diagnosis and effective management. Learning about the early and subtle signs of this condition is crucial. This knowledge equips individuals and healthcare professionals alike with the necessary information. Below you can find the symptoms to initiate appropriate treatment.

Abdominal pain
One of the main symptoms of ulcerative colitis is abdominal pain, which can vary in intensity and location. In the early stages of the disease, individuals may experience mild discomfort or cramping in their lower abdomen. However, as the disease progresses, the pain can become more severe and constant, with a sharp or dull sensation. This pain is usually accompanied by a strong urge to pass stools, which can worsen the discomfort.

Diarrhea
Frequent, loose, and urgent bowel movements are common signs of ulcerative colitis in adults. Unlike ordinary diarrhea, which food indiscretions or infections may cause, ulcerative colitis-related diarrhea tends to be chronic and ongoing. It often contains blood or mucus, which is an important differentiating factor. This symptom can significantly impact daily life, making it essential to seek treatment.

Bloody stools
Blood in the stool, known as rectal bleeding, is a cardinal symptom of ulcerative colitis. It typically presents as bright red blood on the toilet paper, in the toilet bowl, or mixed with stool. The presence of blood is a key indicator that the inflammation has reached the rectum or further up the colon. Rectal bleeding may vary in severity; in some cases, it may be minimal and intermittent, while in others, it can be more profuse. Regardless of the amount, any instance of rectal bleeding warrants a thorough evaluation by a healthcare professional.

Fatigue
The chronic inflammation and frequent bowel movements associated with ulcerative colitis can lead to persistent fatigue. Managing the physical and emotional toll of the disease can be exhausting, and individuals may feel tired despite getting adequate rest. Fatigue can significantly affect daily life, making it challenging to perform regular activities and maintain a high quality of life.

Fever
If you have ulcerative colitis, a fever could indicate an early flare-up. This is because when the colon becomes inflamed, the immune system responds, which can cause a systemic inflammatory response leading to a higher body temperature. In addition to fever, you may experience chills and a general feeling of being unwell.

Tenesmus
Tenesmus is a distressing symptom characterized by a constant and painful urge to pass stools, even when the bowels are empty. It often accompanies bloody stools and can significantly impact one’s quality of life. This sensation of incomplete evacuation is due to inflammation and ulceration in the rectum and lower colon. Tenesmus can lead to frequent and frustrating visits to the restroom, and it can contribute to the development of anxiety and depression in individuals with ulcerative colitis.

Changes in bowel habits
Individuals may notice changes in their bowel habits early in the disease process. These changes include an increase in the frequency of bowel movements, the feeling of incomplete evacuation, or a sudden urgency to use the restroom. These changes can disrupt daily routines and activities, as individuals may need to plan their day around bathroom access.

Dehydration
Chronic diarrhea, a common early symptom of ulcerative colitis, can lead to dehydration. Frequent bowel movements can result in the loss of significant amounts of fluids and electrolytes. Dehydration can manifest as increased thirst, dry mouth, dark urine, and weakness. It’s essential to stay well-hydrated to mitigate the effects of dehydration.

Abdominal cramps and bloating
Many individuals with ulcerative colitis experience abdominal cramps and bloating. These discomforting sensations can be due to the inflammation in the colon and the increased gas production associated with impaired digestion. Abdominal cramps may be intermittent or persistent, ranging from mild to severe.

The urgency to pass stools
The urgency to have a bowel movement is a prevalent early sign of ulcerative colitis. It can be accompanied by a sudden and overwhelming need to reach a restroom immediately, often with little warning. This urgency can disrupt daily routines and lead to anxiety about finding accessible restroom facilities.

Loss of appetite
As ulcerative colitis advances, people may lose their appetite due to chronic inflammation and discomfort. The loss of appetite can affect their nutritional status and overall well-being. To address these concerns and ensure adequate nutrition, consulting with a healthcare provider or nutritionist is crucial.

Joint pain
Some people with ulcerative colitis may experience joint pain called arthralgia. This type of pain usually affects the larger joints, such as the knees, hips, and ankles. The cause of joint pain is believed to be connected to the inflammatory response caused by the disease in the body.