Atopic dermatitis, better known as eczema, is a chronic skin disease where the skin turns red, itchy, dry, and inflamed. Red blotches can appear anywhere, especially on the face, legs, and arms. Although more common in children, it can affect adults too. As per estimates, around 18 million adults in our country have the disease. Atopic dermatitis often starts in childhood and flares occasionally, increasing the urge to scratch, which worsens the problem.

Causes
The skin condition’s exact cause is unknown. But health researchers believe it could be because of the overproduction of cells in the immune system, leading to inflammation. Several factors can act as triggers, causing the symptoms to flare up and making it look much worse. These factors include high stress levels, sweat, heat, long hot baths, cold or dry weather, and dry skin. Those with sensitive skin may have frequent eczema episodes, especially when they come into contact with irritants in soaps, detergents, cleaners, perfumes, makeup, and allergens like sand or dirt.

Symptoms
Most patients experience the first signs before they turn five. Children usually manifest crusted, scaly, red areas on their scalp, cheeks, legs, and arms. If this patch of itchy skin is scratched, it can cause the skin to turn dark, thick, and scarred. Some other symptoms of atopic dermatitis include cracked skin that bleeds, darkening of the skin around the eyes, skin creasing (palms and under the eye), rashes with fluid, and swelling. The disorder is non-contagious.

Treatment options
There is no cure for this skin disorder, but there are ways to manage the symptoms, so they do not interfere with the patient’s routine. One can visit a healthcare expert and draw out a management plan by selecting those treatments that work for them. Three popular options are:

Ointments
Itching is one of the most common symptoms and also one of the most bothersome. Doctors may recommend ointments with specific ingredients that can lessen the discomfort caused by itching, especially during the night.

Wet dressings
Atopic dermatitis is often provoked by dry skin and dry weather. So, wet dressings are used to provide the skin with more moisture. It also ensures the affected area is not scratched.

Phototherapy
This procedure is also known as light therapy. The affected area is exposed to a controlled dose of UV light for a limited time. It reduces inflammation and ensures the condition remains under control.

Home and natural remedies
Besides doctor-recommended treatments, a few natural and home remedies can help:

Moisturization
Since dry skin is a significant trigger, it is vital to ensure the skin is moist and hydrated. Patients can moisturize the skin at home with diluted essential oil or natural moisturizers and creams. It reduces inflammation and keeps the skin healthy.

Humidifiers
Dry weather can cause the symptoms to flare up and worsen itchy skin. So, installing a humidifier in the room is advisable to add moisture to the indoor air and relieve these symptoms.

Foods that help
Proper nutrition is necessary when dealing with a skin disorder like atopic dermatitis. Here are two foods that help:

Fatty fish
Fish oil contains omega-3 fatty acids that fight inflammation and make eczema symptoms more manageable. The best fatty fish with omega-3 are salmon and herring.

Quercetin-rich foods
Quercetin is a flavonoid found in specific fruits and veggies, which gives them their rich color. It is also an antioxidant that significantly reduces inflammation. The best sources are blueberries, apples, spinach, and kale.