Gum disease is a serious oral health condition that can result in tooth loss and other health problems if left untreated. People with gum disease can experience toothache and sensitivity, among other symptoms. However, one can prevent the condition by practicing good oral hygiene and making certain lifestyle changes. Further, dentists can recommend various treatment options to manage the disease. So, here is everything one should know about the condition:

What is gum disease?
Gum disease is an infection of the gums caused by bacteria. The condition can lead to tooth loss and other serious health problems. When affected by the disease, one can observe plaque, a sticky layer of bacteria, on their teeth. Plaque can solidify and turn into tartar, which is more difficult to remove. If left untreated, tartar can irritate the gums and lead to a gum disease called gingivitis or inflammation of the gums. If gingivitis is left untreated, it can result in periodontitis, which is a severe form of gum disease. Periodontitis destroys the bones and connective tissues that support teeth.

Symptoms
The symptoms of gum disease can vary depending on how long it is left untreated. When experiencing mild gum disease, one may have loose and sensitive teeth. People may also begin to see bleeding from the gums. When affected by moderate to severe forms of the disease, one might lose more than half of their teeth due to decay or receding gums. When experiencing advanced gum disease, one can end up losing all of their teeth, and surgery will be required to repair the damage in the mouth tissues. Additionally, one may experience bad breath and pain while chewing. One may also find it challenging to smile and open or close the mouth entirely due to pain in the area around the molars. People with moderate to severe forms of this disease often have difficulty speaking clearly as their gums are swollen and red from inflammation.

If one experiences one or more persistent symptoms of the condition, they must get their teeth and gums examined by a dentist to prevent further damage.

Treatment options
Root planing: Here, the root surfaces are smoothened to prevent and remove excess plaque. This helps improve oral hygiene by removing potential food sources for bacteria growth.

Flap surgery: In this procedure, gums are lifted, and tartar is removed. The bone is also contoured before sewing the gums back.

Bone grafting: The procedure involves using healthy bones from another part of the body (usually the hip) to replace affected bone fragments.

Guided tissue regeneration: Here, a piece of fabric is inserted between the tooth and bone. The procedure allows the bone that was damaged by the disease to grow again. The fabric prevents unwanted tissue from entering the area.

Prescription options: If there is evidence of an active bacterial infection, prescription options may be recommended to fight the bacteria.

Prevention
Get regular dental check-ups: During routine examinations, dentists check for signs of gum disease and recommend treatments if necessary.

Use mouthwash regularly: Mouthwash helps remove plaque from the teeth and gums.

Brush teeth twice a day: Using fluoride toothpaste to brush teeth removes plaque and bacteria between the teeth and the gum line. Avoid toothpaste with artificial sweeteners, as it can cause plaque buildup.

Make better food choices: One should avoid sugary foods and have plenty of water along with choosing healthy meals.

One should practice good oral hygiene, opt for a mouth rinse after meals, brush all surfaces of the teeth, and floss every day to keep gum disease at bay.