Atopic dermatitis or eczema is an inflammatory skin condition that often causes dry and red patches on the skin. In severe cases, the itchiness and inflammation may be accompanied by pus-filled blisters. Although the exact cause of eczema is not known, there are some contributing factors that put people at the risk of developing the condition. So, it is important to understand the causes, symptoms, nutrition tips, and home remedies for eczema.

Causes of eczema

• Genetics predisposition acts as the leading cause of eczema in individuals.
• Changes in the weather affect the skin, causing it to dry up and become itchy. Similarly, excessive pollution can lead to flaky and itchy skin.
• Abnormal functioning of the immune system can also sensitize the skin to irritants.
• People with eczema can often experience bacterial or viral infections in the skin. The broken skin barrier allows microbes to enter the body and cause aggravation of the existing condition.

Eczema symptoms

• Dry skin, red patches, and itchiness are among the common visible signs of eczema. The commonly affected body parts include legs, hands, and face.
• In children, these symptoms can appear on the inner side of the elbows, and knees.
• Patients with severe eczema can also experience open sores and crusting on the skin. These sores can serve as an invitation to fungal and bacterial infections.

Home remedies for eczema

• Minimal soap usage
  Sodium hydroxide is a common ingredient in many household soaps. It is responsible for drying up skin, and the fragrance and colors in soaps can irritate the skin, aggravating eczema symptoms. To prevent this, use mild soaps that contain a high concentration of moisturizing ingredients.
• Barrier-restoring moisturizers
  Dry skin is a common trigger for eczema flare-ups. The natural barrier of the skin is broken down because of the dryness. It provides microbes and allergens an easy entry into the body and puts one at the risk of developing infections. A non-irritant moisturizer that is equipped to restore and protect the skin barrier can prevent these microbes from making an easy entry and keep the skin hydrated.
• Mild detergents
  Contact with harsh detergents can act as a trigger for eczema flare-ups. The skin can even react to residual build-ups of detergent particles in clothes. It is, therefore, preferable to use fragrance-free mild detergents that can maintain neutral pH levels. An additional rinse cycle can also go a long way in helping with avoiding flare-ups or aggravating symptoms. One must also avoid fabric softeners as these chemicals are loaded with fragrances and can trigger scratching and itching in eczema patients.
• Hand protection
  Hands are among the most eczema-affected body parts. They are in constant contact with detergents, soaps, and other cleaning chemicals. The resultant dryness and irritation can cause flare-ups. Gloves are the best option to protect hands from these harsh chemicals.
• Humidifier
  Humidifiers can help to reduce the dryness and irritation caused due to dry air. It increases the humidity level in the air, preventing aggravation of eczema symptoms that result from dry skin.
• Shorter showers
  Prolonged water exposure in the form of long baths and/or showers can trigger eczema. Shorter showers with cold water can help reduce the risk of dryness and irritation. It is also advisable to avoid rubbing the skin dry, one must pat it dry instead.

Foods to eat

• Yogurt and other probiotics
  Yogurt is the best probiotic on the eczema-fighting food list. It contains live cultures that strengthen the immune system and the gut microbiome. Its ability to prevent allergic reactions helps decrease the severity and frequency of eczema flareups. Probiotics like tempeh, kefir, miso soup, and kombucha can also be used to prevent and manage eczema.
• Salmon
  Salmon is a nutritionally rich food with abundant omega-3 fatty acids, which are essential for the development of healthy skin and prevent eczema flare-ups. Other wild-caught fish like mackerel, sardines, and tuna can also be added to one’s meals.
• Bananas
  Rich in potassium, bananas are great for the skin. Eating bananas regularly can reduce skin inflammation and other eczema triggers. It also helps in decreasing the intensity of the flare-ups.
• Broth
  Chicken and beef broth are foods loaded with nutrients. Healthy lean protein foods like broth are useful in rebuilding damaged skin cells. They help prevent aggravation of eczema symptoms.

Foods to avoid

• Processed meat
  The high nitrate and saturated fat combination of processed meat is bad for eczema patients. Swapping these with lean protein sources like chicken, eggs, and fish is considered a safe option.
• Common food allergens like eggs and soy
  Foods like eggs, dairy, soy, and nuts are some of the common food allergens. These can act as a trigger for eczema flare-ups and should be avoided. It is, however, crucial to consult the doctor to ensure the body gets its required nourishment.

Eczema treatment and management options involve the use of creams, lotions, and ointments that help restore the skin’s hydration and protective barrier. Some common dermatologist-recommended creams include CeraVe Moisturizing Cream and Healing Ointment, Aquaphor Healing Ointment, and AVEENO Eczema Therapy Itch Balm Relief. However, one must make a decision based on their doctor’s recommendation.